PATTERN OF SUBSTANCE USE DURING COVID-19
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impacts of covid-19 on substance use behavior.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Department of Psychiatry, Dow Medical College, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi and Model Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (MATRC) Anti Narcotic Force, Karachi from December 16th 2020 to 15th April 2021.
Methodology: Male patients of substance use disorders visiting on out-patient bases were enrolled and their status of covid-19 was assessed and impact of covid-19 on their substance use behavior was recorded. Sample size was of 250 clients and non-probability consecutive type sampling was done. Ethical approval was sought before commencement of study.
Results: The mean age of 250 participants was 28.2 +- 8.25 years. Out of total 24 (9.6%) were came out PCR positive as Covid-19 while 226 (90.4%) were negative for covid-19. When they were asked regarding the effect of covid-19 on their substance taking behavior, 138 (55.2%) were in the favor that this pandemic has increased their substance using habit while 112 (44.8%) replied that their substance using behavior has been remained as usual and covid-19 has not affected it. Statistically covid-19 status whether positive or negative was significantly related with type of substance use as well as mode of substance use having P value of less than 0.05. While the effect of covid-19 over the substance using behavior was also significantly associated having P value of less than 0.05.
Conclusion: The impact of covid-19 on substance use behavior was quite high in terms of usage, amount and mode of taking substance.
Downloads
References
Bojdani, E., Rajagopalan, A., Chen, A., Gearin, P., Olcott, W., Shankar, V et al. COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on psychiatric care in the United States. Psychiatry Research,2020,289, 113069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113069.).
Peacock A, Leung J, Larney S, Colledge S, Hickman M, Rehm J et al. Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 status report. Addiction. 2018 Oct;113(10):1905-1926. doi: 10.1111/add.14234. Epub 2018 Jun 4. PMID: 29749059.).
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control And Prevention. JAMA. 2020. [PMID: 32091533] doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Lagisetty P, Klasa K, Bush C, Heisler M, Chopra V, Bohnert A. Primary care models for treating opioid use disorders: What actually works? A systematic review. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 17;12(10):e0186315. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186315. PMID: 29040331; PMCID: PMC5645096.).
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Coronaviruses. Reviewed 13 March 2020. Accessed at www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/coronaviruses on 18 March 2020.
Kuerbis A, Sacco P, Blazer DG, Moore AA. Substance abuse among older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014 Aug;30(3):629-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2014.04.008. Epub 2014 Jun 12. PMID: 25037298; PMCID: PMC4146436.
Ornell Felipe, Schuch Jaqueline B., Sordi Anne O., Kessler Felix Henrique Paim. “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz. J. Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 June [cited 2021 Feb 24] ; 42( 3 ): 232-235. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462020000300232&lng=en.
G Vallecillo, R Perelló, R Güerri, F Fonseca, M Torrens, Clinical impact of COVID-19 on people with substance use disorders, Journal of Public Health, 2020;, fdaa181, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa181
Dubey MJ, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Biswas P, Dubey S. COVID-19 and addiction, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2020,5(14),817-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.008.
www.google.com/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwjlhLiO7LbvAhUL6-0KHWb2D0wYABACGgJkZw&ae=2&sig=AOD64_2cGGo5tG_XjHuwbTSmo7pJNJf6Qw&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwin3q2O7LbvAhXXQEEAHRtBBPwQ0Qx6BAgEEAE.
Sun L, Sun Z, Wu L, Di Zhu Z, Zhang F, Shang Z, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of acute posttraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. medRXiv [Preprint]. (2020). doi: 10.1101/2020.03.06.20032425.
Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. (2020) 66:317–20. doi: 10.1177/0020764020915212.
. Jemberie WB, Stewart Williams J, Eriksson M, Grönlund A-S, Ng N, Blom Nilsson M, et al. Substance use disorders and COVID-19: multi-faceted problems which require multi-pronged solutions. Front Psychiatry. (2020) 11:714. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00714.
Marsden J, Darke S, Hall W, Hickman M, Holmes J, Humphreys K, et al. Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders. Addiction. (2020) 115:1007–10. doi: 10.1111/add.15080
Melamed OC, Hauck TS, Buckley L, Selby P, Mulsant BH. COVID-19 and persons with substance use disorders: Inequities and mitigation strategies. Substance Abuse. 2020;41(3):286-91.
DeJong CA, Verhagen JGD, Pols R, Verbrugge CA, Baldacchino A. Psychological impact of the acute COVID-19 period on patients with substance use disorders: we are all in this together. Basic and clinical neuroscience. 2020;11(2):207.
Yazdi K, Fuchs-Leitner I, Rosenleitner J, Gerstgrasser NW. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Risk Factors for Relapse. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020;11.
Schimmel J, Manini AF. Opioid use disorder and COVID-19: biological plausibility for worsened outcomes. Substance use & misuse. 2020;55(11):1900-1.
Wang QQ, Kaelber DC, Xu R, Volkow ND. COVID-19 risk and outcomes in patients with substance use disorders: analyses from electronic health records in the United States. Molecular psychiatry. 2021;26(1):30-9.
Vallecillo G, Perelló R, Güerri R, Fonseca F, Torrens M. Clinical impact of COVID-19 on people with substance use disorders. Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England). 2020.
Copyright © JPPS. Published by Pakistan Psychiatric Society
Licensing: This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purposes. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
.png)
