URDU TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF SCHEDULE FOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS & SCHIZOPHRENIA FOR SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (6-18 YRS) (6-18 YRS) K-SADS-IV R
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the study was the urdu translation and cultural adaptation of Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia for School Age Children (6-18 yrs) K-SADS-IV R.
Design: Descriptive study.
Place and duration of study: The study was carried out in Karachi, Pakistan from January 2006 to July 2007.
Subjects and Methods: The translation panel consisted of nine members from variety of backgrounds. All member had experience working with children and were fluent in both languages (original and target). The ‘Multiple-forward translation’ process was applied.
Results: A number of items were reworded and rephrased to meet the cultural, social and religious values of the Pakistani society.
Conclusion: The translation and adaptation of the K-SADS-P-IV-R-U represents an advance in the process of identifying children with mental health problems in Pakistan. However there is a need to conduct further clinical validation studies to establish the reliability and validity of this tool in Pakistan.
Downloads
References
Knudsen HC, Vázquez-barquero Jl, Welcher B, Gaite L, Becker T, Chisholm D, et al. Translation and cross-cultural
adaptation of outcome measures for schizophre-nia. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177: S8-S14.
Rahman A, Iqbal Z, Waheed W, Hussain N. Translation and cultural adaptation of health questionnaires. J
PakMed Assoc 2003; 53: 142-7.
Bullinger MJ, Alonso G, Apolone A, Leplege A, SullivanS, Wood-Dauphine et al. Translating Health Status
Questionnaires and Evaluation their Quality: The IQOLA Project Approach. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 913-23.
Ahmer S, Faruqui R, Aijaz A. Psychiatric rating scales in Urdu: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 7:59-
Smit J, Van den Berg CE, Bekker LG, Stein DJ, SeedatS. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a mental
health battery in an African setting. Afr Health Sci 2006; 6: 215-22.
Ambrosini P, Dixon J. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children - Present
Version, Version IVR. (K-SADS-IVR) Philadelphia: Medical College of Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania
Psychiatric Institute, 1996.
Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E. Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders. New
York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1978.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington
DC: American Psychiatry Association, 1994.
Ambrosini PJ. Historical development and present studies of the schedule for affective disorders and
schizophrenia for school-age children (KSADS). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 49-58.
Shanee N, Apter A, Weizman A. Psychometric properties of the K-SADS-PL in an Israeli adolescent clinical
population. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 1997; 34: 179-86.
Kolaitis G, Korpa T, Kolvin I, Tsiantis J. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age
children-present episode (K-SADS-P): a pilot inter-rater re-liability study for Greek children and adolescents.
Eur Psychiatry 2003; 18:374-5.
Kim YS, Cheon KA, Kim BN, Chang SA, Yoo HJ, Kim JW,et al. The reliability and validity of Kiddie-Schedule for
Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Life-time Version- Korean version (K-SADS-PL-K). Yonsei
Med J 2004; 45: 81-9.
Ghanizadeh A, Mohammadi MR, Yazdanshenas A. Psychometric properties of the Farsi translation of the
kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version. BMC Psychiatry 2006;
:10.
Ulloa RE, Ortiz S, Higuera F, Nogales I, Fresan A, Apiquian R, et al. Interrater reliability of the Spanish version
of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime
version (K-SADS-PL). Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2006; 34: 36-40.
Van Widenfelt BM, Treffers PD, De Beurs E, Siebelink BM, Koudijs E. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation
of assessment instruments used in psychological research with children and families. Clin Child Fam Psychol
Rev 2005; 8: 135-47.
Jones PS, Lee JW, Phillips LR. An adaptation of Brislin’s translation model for cross-cultural research. Nurs Res
; 50: 300-4.
Tamanin T, Ancona C, Botega N, Rodrigues-Netto N. Translation, Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation into
Portuguese Language of the ‘King’s Health Questionnaire.’ Heidelberg: International Continence Society
Annual Conference.
Maxwell B. Translation and cultural adaptation of the survey instruments. In: En Martin MO, Kelly DL eds.
Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Technical Report, 1996, 1: Design and
Development. Chestnut HIll, MA: Boston College, 1996.
Beck CT, Bernal H, Froman RD. Methods to document semantic equivalence of a translated scale. Res Nurs
Health 2003; 26(1):64-73.
Meadows K, Bentzen N, Touw-Otten F. Cross-cultural issues: an outline of the important principles in
establishing cross-cultural validity in health outcome assessment. In: Hutchinson A, Bentzen N, König-Zahn
Ceds. Cross Cultural Health Outcome Assessment; A User’s Guide 1997; 34-40.
Kleinman A, Good B. Introduction: Culture and depression. In: Kleinman A, Good B, eds. Culture and
depression: Studies in the anthropology and cross-cultural psychiatry of affect and disorder. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1985: 1–33.
Asian Development Bank; Poverty in Pakistan: Issues, Causes, and Institutional Responses. [Online] 2003
[Cited on March 25, 2008]. Available from URL:
http://www.adb.org/Documents/news/PRM/2002/prm_200203.asp.
Arif GM. Recent Rise in Poverty and Its Implications for Poor Households in Pakistan. The Pakistan
Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics 2000; 39: 1153-70.
Copyright © JPPS. Published by Pakistan Psychiatric Society
Licensing: This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purposes. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.